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Thus, FSA work may provide some of the least marketable members of the labor force with opportunities they would not otherwise have to be considered for regular employment. 48 CYNTHIA L. GRAMM AND JOHN F. SCHNELL Few studies examine the role of FSA work as transitional employment. Using matched CPS data (DWS and CAEAS), Farber (1999) estimates the extent to which “alternative employment arrangements” are responses to job loss. He finds that workers who lose their jobs are more likely subsequently to be employed in temporary or part-time work (involuntarily) than are non-losers and that such jobs are part of a transitional process back to full-time regular employment.

While none of these definitions may be ideal, one can draw some tentative conclusions when the pattern of results is consistent across different definitions of contingent work. In general, the descriptive statistics reported in Table 4 challenge the assumption that the work provided by FSAs is necessarily contingent. Interestingly, contingent workers comprise a minority of the workers employed as on-call workers, as independent contractors, and as contract company employees and comprise a majority of agency temporaries only when the broadest definition of contingency is used.

Special European Council in Brussels at the beginning of May decides the 11 countries which will accede to euro in the first phase, also the ECB managers and the process of determination of euro conversion rates. On the first of July the ECBS initiates its activity and its main organ, the ECB, with central office in Frankfurt. In December Spanish Parliament approves Euro Introduction Law. 1999 (January 1) Introduction of the Euro and monetary union THE EFFECTS OF USING ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF STAFFING ARRANGEMENTS Cynthia L.